Knowing Poetry Through Literature

A. What is poetry

Poetry is a literary work in the form of an expression of the writer's heart in which there is a rhythm, lyrics, rhyme, and rhythm on each line.  Packaged in imaginative language and composed of solid and meaningful words.

B. What are genres of English Poetry

Poetry is one of the literary genres that contains the expression of a poet's feelings, contains rhymes and rhythm, and is expressed in a careful and precise choice of words.

a. Types of Poetry

1. Sonnet - short rhyme poem with 14 lines. 

Example:

Tree - Joyce Kilmer

I thought I would never see

Beautiful poetry like a tree.

The tree whose mouth is hungry perst

Against sweet breasts flowing in the earth;

A tree that looks at God all day long,

And raised his leafy arms in prayer;

A tree that might be worn in summer

Robin's nest in her hair;

On his chest the snow lay;

Who lives close to the rain.

Poetry made by a fool like me,

But only God can make trees.

2. Limerick - intelligent five-line poetry with a distinctive rhythm.  First, second and fifth lines, long lines, rhymes.  The third and fourth short lines of the rhyme.  (A-A-B-B-A).

Example: 

3. Haiku - an ancient form of writing poetry renowned for its small size as well as precise punctuation and syllables required on the three lines.  It is of ancient Asian origin. The haiku di consists of 3 lines, each a phrase.  The first line usually has 5 syllables, the second line has 7 and line 3 and the last repeats another 5.

Example:

"Morning is moving 

Raindrop rhymes

Miss beating".

4. Epic - long narrative poetry in grand language celebrating the adventures and achievements of legendary or conventional heroes.

Example:

Up

 Work: Persistent W.W.

 A word worth shouting

 Not just spoken

 When this body rises

 Stand to face the enemy

 Doooor….!

 The sound of weapons you don't rely on

 Because with bamboo you win

 My hero life

 Your passion is burning

 Now we have received the results

 thank you

 My heroes

 thank you

 My warriors

5. Narration - poetry narrative tells of events in the form of poetry.

Example: 

Meeting At Night

 After drinking the juice of the first month

 I walked aimlessly through the forest.

 Then the astonishing double scent drowned me

 Standing in the middle of a thicket

 Stop singing nocturnal insects.

 Designed as Gail Gail

 Without thoughts and feelings.

 Many problems come together,

 Without cause and effect.

 Darkness enveloped me.

 Like a fog blocking the view.

 It doesn't make any sense either.

 No explanation.  No connection.

 The smell of gandasuli filled the lungs.

 Floods blood vessels.

 Even meat.

 My God, am I standing dead?

 Moonlight and stars

 Fall into a tree that is just a tree.

 The night insects made noise again, only sounded.

 No, nothing. No, nothing

 It doesn't matter.

 What is the difference in the second century and this century?

 Suddenly

 From a forest of dark golden teak trees

 Apply a tobacco flavor.

 Then I saw a flash of glasses.

 Then smile with white teeth.

 and then out of the dark

 Manly body with black hat

 and a dark brown night coat.

 My father, Your Majesty has appeared unexpectedly!

 What does your presence mean?

 What is the limit between life and death

 Lose weight in the moonlight?

 I didn't expect this meeting.

 I'll let you rest

 On your death bed.

 Now what are you saying?

 Without hope.  Without a wish.

 I stood dead on the ground.

 Am I really dead?

 Is it barren now?

C. What are genres of Indonesian Poetry

In Indonesian poetry there are 3 poetry genres, namely as follows:

1. Old poetry Old poetry was born before Indonesian literature was influenced by western culture.  The society at that time tended to be static and collective in nature, giving birth to a form of poetry which was very much bound by various rules.  Old poetry must contain rhymes, have a certain number of arrays, and even determine the number of syllables in one array, especially in pantun.  There are several types of old poetry that you should know, namely: mantra, thimble, pantun, karmina, talibun, seloka, gurindam, and syair, which are still known to the public, especially pantun, gurindam and syair.
2. New poetry New poetry had a lot of influence from European culture.  This poetry was born during the Dutch colonial period, thus it is difficult to avoid the influence of European culture on new poetry.  There is still a similarity in form between old poetry and new poetry, which is still tied to the number of lines in one stanza.  However, the number of syllables and words in each line, the number of stanzas, and rhymes, are no longer bound by strict rules. There are several differences that appear between old poetry and new poetry.  If old poetry is anonymous, then in new poetry the name of the poet has started to appear.  The shape is neatly written with symmetrical typography or flat edges.Based on its contents, new poetry is divided into: ballads, hymns, romance, ode, epigram, elegy, and satire.  division of new poetry based on its form.  There are 8 types of new poetry that you should know, namely: (1) Distichon or 2-strand poetry, which is a new poem which consists of 2 lines in each stanza, (2) Terzina or 3 strands of poetry, (3) Quatrain or 4-strand poetry,  (4) Quint or 5-strand rhyme, (5) Sextet or 6-strand rhyme, (6) Septima or 7-strand rhyme, (7) Stanza / Octav or 8-strand rhyme, and (8) Sonnet or 14-strand rhyme.
3. Modern poetry Modern poetry is characterized by a form of poetry that is free from rules, both form and content.  In modern poetry there are only a few words or even only one sentence.  Modern poetry is more concerned with content than form.  However, the physical form of poetry or typography, which is specially made by the poet, is used to support the content of the poetry. Modern poetry can be classified based on the way the poet is expressed, namely epic poetry, lyric poetry, and dramatic poetry.  Epic poetry containing stories of heroism or epic, ballads and romance.  Lyric poetry contains an outpouring of taste, inner outburst, and mood, as the spark of the poet's heart.  Dramatic poetry seeks to reveal a particular atmosphere or event and an aquatic analysis of the events at hand. In addition, modern poetry is usually more concerned with content than form, because modern poetry can also be classified based on readability, namely classifying poetry based on the level of ease in interpreting it.  Based on readability, the classification of poetry consists of: Diafan poetry, in which in this poem pengimajian and figurative language figurative in this poem are very few.  The language used tends to be the same as everyday language, so structurally it is very easy to understand its meaning, this poetry is also called plain poetry. Prismatic poetry, in this poetry the poet is able to harmonize the diction (choice of words) used with various figures of speech and pengimajian.  Actually it is not that easy to interpret the meaning of this poem, but if we examine it more deeply, the meaning can still be traced. Dark poetry, this poetry uses a lot of kias and language that is individual.  But poetry that contains too much figure of speech can also be dark poetry.  Called dark poetry because it is difficult to interpret.